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Where will the 2015 Chinese economy? Released a series of important information in December 9, 2014 to 11 in Beijing, the central economic work conference. In the optimization of economic spatial development pattern, the central economic work conference, to focus on the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing Tianjin Hebei collaborative development, the Yangtze River Economic Belt strategy three there is a good start for the next year. Then," The Belt and Road "is from a concept has become a national strategy? I combined with their own learning experience to talk about how to understand the meaning of" The Belt and Road construction of Chinese and the world with you.

"Belt and Road Initiative" put forward certain background

"Belt and Road Initiative" is "Silk Road Economic Belt" in twenty-first Century and "maritime Silk Road" for short. The two "Silk Road" of ancient.

since the Western Han Dynasty Zhang Qian western, there is one in Changan (now Xi'an) and Luoyang as the starting point, through Gansu, Xinjiang, to Central Asia, West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries of the land access, China and Central Asia and Europe trade increased rapidly. Through this road Chinese throughout Asia Europe. Silk, silk, satin, satin, silk and silk products, Everfount transported to Central Asia and Europe, therefore, Greece, Rome called for China serice, called China. The so-called "human sailisi seres" or "silk" of Italy.1877, German geologist Richthofen this thing called "the silk road the road". Since then, the title of the Silk Road recognized by the world, is of great significance in the history of the world, it is the Eurasian traffic artery, is China, India bridge, three main cultural world exchange Greece.

The prototype of the maritime Silk Road has existed in the Han Dynasty, the earliest known history on Chinese and foreign exchange from the sea carrier "Han geography", and then China had contact with the South China Sea, and relics unearthed at sea that foreign exchange or earlier in the Han Dynasty. The sea transport channel in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the main bulk goods is the silk, so future generations put this line between the East and the west sea called the maritime Silk Road. The song and Yuan Dynasties, China has gradually become the main export goods, it is also known as the "sea ceramic road". At the same time as the importation of goods has been mainly spices, therefore is also called "sea spice road" maritime silk. The road is the Convention referred to the Ming Dynasty, after the implementation of the ban on maritime trade, maritime Silk Road began to decline. The two is the ancient Silk Road between the East and the west land, maritime trade routes, but also foreign The symbol of cultural communication.

2013 in September, the president Xi Jinping visit to Kazakhstan, in order to make the European and Asian countries closer economic ties and mutual cooperation deeper, broader space for development, we can use the innovative model of cooperation to jointly build "Silk Road Economic Belt", to the point, from the line to the film, and gradually form a large regional cooperation this is a benefit of the peoples along the great cause of.

2013, in his visit to the ASEAN countries, President Xi Jinping stressed once again that China is willing to strengthen maritime cooperation with ASEAN countries, develop marine cooperative partnership and jointly build the "maritime Silk Road" in twenty-first Century

During the two sessions in 2014, Premier Li Keqiang in the report on the work of the government, "seize the planning and construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road" as the focus of the work in 2014,.

2014 in November 4th, comrade Xi Jinping presided over the central financial work leading group held the eighth meeting of Silk Road Economic Belt and twenty-first Century maritime silk road planning, initiated the establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank and the establishment of the Silk Road Fund. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, with some countries initiated and cooperation in the establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank is to provide financial support "infrastructure construction The Belt and Road" along the country, to promote economic cooperation. The establishment of silk road fund is to directly support the "The Belt and Road.

Belt and Road Initiative "gradually as China's major strategic planning, start, advance, caused widespread concern in the international community and the relevant countries and regions in 2014 to become a hot topic. This strategic vision of a" The Belt and Road "covering more than 40 countries, a total population of 4 billion 400 million, accounting for the global 63%; the total economic output of more than $20 trillion, accounting for about 29% of the world, is the main source of energy and strategic resources supply base in the world. From the" The Belt and Road "via the route and radiation range, to the north and Russia traffic line and pipeline connection, connecting the East East Asia two other major economies, Japan and South Korea, to the West connect to the southwest through Central Asia, Western Europe, connecting to North Africa, through India ocean to East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, southern Europe, East Africa's vast areas together. In addition, due to the one with the way mainly depends on the Chinese and relevant countries The existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms, not reinvent the wheel, do not involve political, security and other sensitive areas, having the characteristics of open, once the formation of the demonstration effect and scale effect, may also attract more and more countries and regions in.

Belt and Road Initiative "is a stand in global height, revitalize the region resources, promote the opening up of China's reform, promote the strategic arrangement of China and neighboring countries for common development, how to grasp the" The Belt and Road "such a development strategy for China and the world to understand the significance of development? Can be understood from the following three aspects:

"Belt and Road Initiative" and China all-round opening up new pattern

"The Belt and Road" is conducive to the formation of a new pattern of all-round opening China, mutually beneficial platform construction is a very inclusive. The core task to build a "The Belt and Road" is to develop economy, by consolidating, expanding in China and Central Asia, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions along each other to open this kind of situation, mutual benefit cooperation, a fair and uniform market competition environment, promote the free flow of resources, expanding the scale and amount of economic development, optimizing the economic structure, benefit the people of the countries along the way.

Chinese opening has experienced from the special economic zone to open coastal city, and then along the border open, to fully open the following stages. Why today to put forward a comprehensive open? Is the main opening subject to the following factors:

First, the level of regional development is not balanced. "The Belt and Road" in China's domestic segment covering the Midwest. How to make the most of the provinces in central and western regions is also from the past "hinterland" into "open" China vast mainland, this is open to highlight the important and difficult problems to solve. In the past by geography, location, space constraints, the development level of vast inland areas was significantly lower than that in the eastern coastal area, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Beijing and other 7 provinces and cities in 2013 import and export value of $3 trillion and 290 billion, accounting for 79% of the total import and export, and the central and western regions of Chongqing, Henan. Anhui, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Guizhou and other 7 provinces of the import and export value accounted for only 5.7%.

with the development of globalization and informationization, those less developed, considered unable to compete with the developed countries and regions, such as Africa, South America and Asia, including the hinterland, desolate Arctic and the so-called geopolitical "open area", is fully involved in the tide of world economic growth. The third industrial revolution the development of new technology such as shale gas revolution is changing the mode of growth of the world economy, the world economic geography will also change. We can imagine, once the "railway transportation infrastructure in China western region The Belt and Road" via the occurrence of significant improvements, will show new advantages in terms of time and cost. Many international big companies, such as HP, Foxconn, has begun to transfer some of its important production base to inland areas, and as far as possible to replace the rail transport, shipping, air To speed up and reduce costs

Previously, China's border area due to its special geographical location, subject to geopolitical influence, in order to prevent the destruction of the war, the pace of economic development is relatively slow, the infrastructure construction is limited. So we can see that China's frontier minority area economy than the mainland behind, fewer jobs, life level is not high in particular, some of the young labor force in the long-term unemployed poor, easy to breed discontent. Driven by China's border areas and along the national economic development and the revitalization of industry "by The Belt and Road construction, so as to create more employment opportunities for local residents to improve the income level of residents, enhance mutual understanding, tolerance, fusion, elimination all ethnic groups, religious estrangement and misunderstanding, and promote regional security and stability, economic prosperity and cultural exchanges. China's leaders focus on research in Xinjiang, Fujian, Ningxia recently, Shaanxi The west area of Xinjiang is the Silk Road Economic and strategic position with the core area of Fujian, the construction goal is to become a transit corridor in the Midwest and Southeast Asia hub, Shaanxi airport economic development, building air Silk Road.

through the strategic adjustment and re layout space of The Belt and Road ", breaking the original point, the massive opening mode. We can recall, either early in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, was established in 2013 in Shanghai Free Trade Zone, is the zone of relatively simple, easily affected by the constraints of the administrative divisions." The Belt and Road "strategic planning to most of the provinces are included in the China, connected, forming belt. The lateral view, through Chinese Eastern, middle and western areas; the vertical, connecting the main coastal port city, and continue to extend through Central Asia, ASEAN. All domestic provinces and regions to promote interoperability and mutual cooperation and the countries and regions, for the industry to undertake and transfer, constant adjustment and upgrading to promote China's economic structure, narrowing the gap between the eastern and Western.

second, the open area is relatively single. Over the years, China's major trading partners in Europe and America is.2013 years, although China and ASEAN, South Africa, with the growth of bilateral trade volume in Central Asia and other emerging market countries, but our country to the EU, the United States, Japan Bilateral trade still accounts for my foreign trade 1/3. in our country in these countries and regions trade dependence is very high, and the extensive mode of development has appeared in the 2008 world financial crisis, overcapacity pressure, absorption capacity of our traditional economic and trade market Co.. Overcapacity is causing major problems in economic operation, the International Monetary Fund estimates the rate of not more than 65%., economic restructuring has become the only opportunity for the economic development of our country out of the plight and selection of.

so, how will China's economic transformation? Is to bring huge manufacturing capacity in China and "The Belt and Road" developing countries along the huge market demand together. Over the past 10 years, Chinese and The Belt and Road "along the country's trade volume with an average annual growth rate of l9%.2013 Chinese and The Belt and Road" countries the trade volume exceeded $l trillion, accounting for the total foreign trade China 1/4. with Silk Road Economic Belt analysis, this area includes the economic corridor, the economic corridor BCIM economic corridor, Mongolia and Russia and the new Eurasian Continental Bridge. Pakistan Economic Corridor and Mongolia and Russia economic corridor focus on energy development transportation and national security. BCIM economic corridor and the ASEAN countries that trade, the new Eurasian Continental Bridge is Chinese through the logistics channel in Europe. Chinese need all kinds of mineral resources, such as oil and gas, natural rubber, ferrous metal ore, have Color metal ore mainly through the coastal sea to enter Chinese. Iron ore depends on Australia and Brazil, dependence on oil from the Middle East into the channel and trade partners is relatively single, and other important resources in cooperation is not deep. If we put the "The Belt and Road construction, these new land resources will become the effective channel.

and China's situation is different, along the way, the country requires a large number of light industrial products, household appliances, mechanical and electrical, high-speed rail construction and other high-end equipment, China is just in this area has sufficient product manufacturing capacity,.

at present, domestic consumption is difficult to advance, our traditional trade partners because of the economic crisis has yet to recover or not fully recovered, especially after all these years, we trade with these countries can expand the space is basically very limited. In this case, to open up new export market by "The Belt and Road" mutual exchange of needed products is a new cooperation development ideas, which can be used to China huge manufacturing capacity and the huge market demand in developing countries combined, truly mutually beneficial, it is a very important strategic deployment.

"Belt and Road Initiative" and Chinese expanding foreign direct investment responsibility

"The Belt and Road" strategy will accelerate the Chinese huge foreign exchange reserves to go out of the pace, along the country will benefit from Chinese investment. "The Belt and Road along most of China transition and developing countries, so the" The Belt and Road construction should not only solve the Chinese own urban and rural areas, the problem of unbalanced development between regions, but also to take the corresponding responsibility and mission of.

the beginning of reform and opening up, China's economic position in the world is not worth mentioning the.1980 China economy accounted for the world's GDP was only 2.2%, is now around 14%. The International Monetary Fund believes that the 2016 Chinese economy the proportion of the total world economy will rise to 18%, more than the United States as the world's second largest economy. Body, a fundamental change in China influence on the global economy and the world market, "China buy what you sell, what is cheap." what Chinese developed after the world will have what kind of impact? Many countries are skeptical, to the sound of China containment is increasing. Chinese economic to maintain sustainable growth will need to go out, and the old international economic order in other developing countries to work together to reform the current unreasonable.

the United States to actively promote the trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), to deeply influence in the Asia Pacific region, the TPP is actively implementing regional multilateral free trade agreement, the integration of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference and Southeast Asia members, want to become a small world trade organization in Asia Pacific region. Although the United States stressed that no rejection Chinese intention. But from the cooperation in the framework of TPP can see, at present Chinese in agriculture, finance, technology, environment, labor policy, also do not have the advantage in the international competition, the need for at least 5 years of adjustment, transformation, and therefore must be carefully handled international multilateral trade agreement.

the United States tried to use the TPP to China marginalized, and China by The Belt and Road "strategy to drive around cooperation and development, in order to forced reform of all aspects of domestic and foreign trade and Economic Cooperation Initiative, send a message to the United States, the United States in the face of challenges and competition, we will not take the initiative to provoke a conflict but also never compromise. Especially on the currency issue, we are driving with neighboring countries, trade partners of the currency swap agreement, the Asia Pacific region to reduce dependence on the dollar.

China 30 years of reform and opening-up has accumulated a huge advantage, not only provides high quality and inexpensive goods for the world economic development, cheap labor and huge market, has accumulated a huge amount of assets. Chinese external financial assets amounted to 5 trillion dollars, the foreign direct investment of only $about 660000000000, while foreign direct investment in the world average level 30%, the United States held the Asian assets is more than 71% of all foreign direct investment. If we have 70% for foreign direct investment, that is $3 trillion and 500 billion. This means that the future Chinese external financial assets from foreign savings, investment in financial products to foreign capital output, change of investment in the real economy has become an international investment power. We can see that in the United States in the last century 60,70 embarked on a development path to invest mainly in Japan, and 80,90 in the last century gradually International investment into the country. China's trade surplus is unlikely, in "13th Five-Year" period into the trade balance and trade deficit stage, so we should be ready as soon as possible to deal with such a situation, we put huge financial assets into favorable conditions for foreign investment in China.

after the World War II, the Bretton Woods system to construct the world financial system is generally controlled by the west, whether in the Asian Development Bank and the world bank financing, developing countries there are still many difficulties. Only the Asian infrastructure investment, the Asian Development Bank predicted $8 trillion. "The Belt and Road construction, either urban and rural planning and regional development, infrastructure construction is the premise, is the condition. These are based on the long-term strategic arrangements, need the support of the national government, but also need the government cooperation, accelerate interoperability.

so, President Xi Jinping at the APEC business summit said that the next 10 years China foreign investment will reach $1 trillion and 250 billion, to build Asia's infrastructure bank and silk road fund, to provide financing tools and funds guarantee for The Belt and Road "strategy. Through the management and use of reasonable diversification of foreign financial assets. May become the government, foreign investment enterprises or individuals, Chinese help enterprises go out, investment in plant production in resource location, drive the development The Belt and Road" along the countries and regions, and then sell the product to the world, of course, one part of the product will be used to meet domestic needs. The future will China allocation of resources and from the global market, the formation of global capital, goods, technology, personnel, service layout, to solve the problem of China to a full range of international cooperation, such as the ring Environment, emissions, resources, pressure, etc., to promote the development of transition countries and developing countries, not only to fulfill the obligations of a responsible big country, but also to reap their own interests in the global strategic layout,.

Deutsche Bank global strategist Sanjeev Sanyal judge: in the large and long-term current account surpluses driven by future Chinese converted by the "world factory" to "world investors". Therefore, in order to achieve the "The Belt and Road strategy to start an investment bank," the gold wire subgrade, the expansion of foreign direct investment as Chinese and promote the future of the world economic growth in 20 years is an important dynamic, this shift is mainly reflected in the change of foreign investment in the existing structure of foreign exchange reserves will mainly invest in bonds and other financial derivatives or virtual assets form, into investment into the real economy. Of course, the risk is also great, China financial system the next step of reform will face enormous challenge.

set up the Silk Road Fund, in order to strengthen the transport infrastructure, oil and gas pipelines, communication facilities and other areas of cooperation, accelerate international channels access, shipping and trade construction, promote the capital, technology, infrastructure to go out and close the regional personnel, information and economic and trade exchanges, the elimination of trade barriers, trade facilitation. Promote the Asia Pacific Free Trade Area, to enhance the level of development of adjacent areas, China make due contributions.

"The Belt and Road" and the balanced development of the world

Create "The Belt and Road" contribute to the hinterland of Eurasia and Africa underdeveloped areas of economic growth, changes in the global economic and political space layout and activities and to make new contributions to.

showed that the development history of world economy, growth pattern and its direction is always restricted by transportation mode and traction. Ancient sea not developed, long-distance transportation and transportation mainly depends on the colts, caravans and other transportation power connection China Changan, Luoyang, the Central Asian desert. The ancient "Silk Road" of Europe came into being, the result is the Asian inland economy than coastal areas developed. In modern times, the development of navigation technology, leap, rising, the world shipping ability makes the raw materials, goods by sea from one continent to another remote transport, as possible, to promote a rise of the economic prosperity of the region and the world coastal metropolis, on the other hand lead to the main business of the inland power fading and inland economic recession.

in twenty-first Century, the world economy is stagnant, the fundamental reason lies in the coastal areas of the world globalization is the globalization, the world political and economic center city globalization, prosperity and growth of the world economy is only prosperity and growth of the world wide coastal areas, inland areas has not really into the global economic system, especially in developing countries inland areas. For example, China coastal provinces than inland provinces per capita income several times, and the coastal areas of Europe and the United States per capita income compared with Central Asian landlocked countries per capita income is dozens of times. Obviously, relying on the coastal boom has been insufficient to stimulate and support the recovery of the world economy. To promote world economic growth, only it should be looking for a new growth point from.

to expand the market to the world, poor hinterland, and to build China Unicom Asia coastal area and the hinterland of China "The Belt and Road" strategy will provide new means of transport and transport capacity of the world economy, especially in the inland economy and traction will not to contribute to the economic growth has been shipping the world's coastal areas, and even can make up for the shipping shortage. Tons of ship can only be docked harbor, but can not get the goods shipped directly to the inland hinterland goods subject to the ordinary railway, road or inland navigation operation to coastal ports, and then shipped by sea remote transported to another continent coastal port, then by rail, road or inland shipping transport to inland consumption. China imported iron ore from India is the transportation mode. If the high-speed railway between China and India, the hinterland of India students The production of iron ore can be transported directly to China's steel mills by high-speed rail, not only saves time, but also eliminates the trouble of multiple transshipment, thus saving transportation costs.

"The Belt and Road construction will create traction inland areas and the growth of the world economy, the new logistics mode of prosperity, trade patterns and development platform. It can be predicted that with the development of the The Belt and Road", along the way will form the developed towns and population centers, economic activities, rich resources of these places sleeping will be a comprehensive, reasonable development, increase the global supply of resources, so as to change the global geo economic dependence on coastal areas in such a space layout, the world geopolitical landscape will revolutionize.

is due to the strategic significance of The Belt and Road "as a whole, the international community especially along the country is very much appreciated and welcomed. At the same time," The Belt and Road "is" Chinese Marshall plan "is also by the western media speculation, and even some people simply domestic references, this is a misunderstanding. The two are essentially different, need to pay enough attention to.

Marshall is the plan after World War II the United States to Western European countries economic aid, to assist the countries of Western Europe reconstruction plan, but also the containment of the former Soviet Union, launched the "cold war" with economic tools, consistent ideology as a prerequisite, the strategic goal of serving at the time the United States to dominate the world. Only willing to accept American leadership to accept the assistance of the United States. Through the implementation of the Marshall plan, the United States will hand in their own countries of Western Europe gathered under the flag of the former Soviet Union as its rival little brother, on the other hand, has gradually established its superpower status. Because of the additional conditions, war-torn and make an important contribution to the anti fascist war in the world the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries are excluded, artificially exacerbated the poverty of the country. The European aid money mostly to buy American products and services for the American economy The expansion opened the door. Later, the United States had a so-called dodge plan for Japan, roughly the same,.

and China advocate "The Belt and Road" with the goal of common development, carry forward the "peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning, mutual benefit and win-win" spirit of the new Silk Road, in the original agreement, is the basis of the framework, not put forward a new framework agreement, any political conditions attached to cooperation. Open to all countries to seek development, not to engage in "political group" and confrontational "alliance". Emphasis on relevant countries to create a win-win "community of interests and common development and prosperity of the" community of destiny ", emphasize" jointly, build, sharing ". Relevant countries voluntarily equal participation, play their respective advantages, to achieve mutual benefit mutual complementary. Through the interconnection and facilitation of trade and investment, to better meet the needs of the development of various countries in the region, promote common development and prosperity. As President Xi said," provides a great platform for the development of inclusive Belt and Road Initiative out, " History and profound cultural foundation, to benefit the rapid development of economy China with countries along together. We need to concentrate on doing this thing, the countries along more of our identity, closer, more support for.

visible behind the The Belt and Road China "planning is increasingly clear the new national strategy, namely to promote the interests of the community and the surrounding countries, the fate of the community construction, low-key work, through investment, technology transfer and assistance, step by step, promote the development of inland and along the country, to improve their image, achieve national trust, deepening and the countries along the trade, humanities, ecology, science and technology, the cooperation in the field of education, so as to realize the pattern of all-round opening up, the domestic economy to further deepen the reform of the political system to create conditions to assume a steady area of responsibility and mission of mature world powers should make, realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream.